INGILIS DILI BUTUN ZAMANLAR

INGILIS DILINDE BUTUN ZAMANLAR

Bu dersimiz 2 hisseden ibaret olacaq .

1)Ne zaman hansi zaman formasi istfde olunur

2)Example cumeleler her bir zamana aid

Ne zaman hansi zaman formasi istfde olunur:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Emele gelme formasi:

3-cu sexslerde felin sonuna “s”, diger sexslerde deyismez qalir

Meselem :

 I/You/We/They speak English

 He/She speaks English

***Sait ve cingilitili samitlerdn sonra [z] kimi , kar samitlerden sonra [s] kimi oxunur

*** Sonu o ile bitdikde ise [ouz][az] kimi oxunur sonluq

*** y ile biterse y herfi ies -e cevrilir .

Reads[ridz] ,lives[livz]

Works[vorks] , puts[puts]

Goes [gouz]

Does[daz]

Study-studies

Sual formasi:

Do ve does-dan istde edilir.3-c sexs ucun does , digeri ucun do istfde olunur

Meselem :

Do you speak English?

Does she speak English?

***Suala cavab vererken ise qisaca Yes,I dont ve ya yes I do ve.s kimi vere bielrsiz

Inkar formasi :

Don’t doesn’t  

***Do not seklinde ayri yazildiqda adeten daha keskin formada etmemesini bildirmek istedikde isledirik.

Isledilmesi :

Indiki zamanda bas veren  bitmemis, bilinen ,adet olumus ,qebul olunmus, verdis olunmus hereketleri bildirir.

1)Adi indiki zamanda bas veren hereket

John lives in London

They work at factory

2)Verdis , adet halinda olan, tekrarlanan hereketler

       I go to the library everyday

       I like ice cream

3)Umumi qebul olunmus heqeuetler, qaydalar ve.s

         The Earth goes round the Sun

         The sun rises in the East

         

4)1-ci nov sert cumelerinde indiki zaman terefi kimi istfde olunur,Adeten  if,unless,till,before,as soon as,when,provided,that,until ve.s

If he comes,I will phone you

When she comes,I will speak to her

They will wait for her until she returns

5)Contunious formafa ing qebul etmeyen bezi sozler var ki onlar mecbur presnet simple fomrada isledilir.

Belong,seem,see,hear,love,hate,believe

5)Bezen yaxin gelecek zamanda bas verecek hereketi bildireken hereket bildiren (leave,arrive,start,come ve.s)  sozleri biz present simple seklinde de deye bilerik

The trainstarts in 10 minutes

They start their journey tomorrow

6)mueyyen qrafikle , cedvelle , vaxta esasen bas veren hereketleri bildirerken

The banks open at 10 oclock and close at 7

7)often , usually,sometimes, seldom , once a week , twice a month, four time a year,every morning,everyday , every saturday ve.s  kimi mueyyen vaxt araliginda tekrarlanan hereketleri iafde ederken

We often meet

She susually spends her holiday in the south

Every Morning he goes to school

Mechul formasi :  ( am/is/are + ..ed)

One a week Tom cleans the car

One a week the car is cleaned by Tom

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Emele gelme formasi:

To be felinin formalari + fel+ing

I am reading

Sual formasi:

Komekci fel mubtadadan evvele gelir

Am I reading ?

Inkar formasi :

Not sozu komekc felden sonra gelir

I am not reading.

***qisaca I am evezi I’m de yaza bilirik

Isledilmesi :

1)danisdigimiz zaman bas vermekde olan hadiseleri bildirerken

It’s raining

2)Yaxin gelecekde bas verecek hereketi bildirerken istifade ede bilerik.Yeni bu bizim dile de eynidi,Bugun teatra gedirik deye bilerik yaxin gelecekde bas verecek hadiseni ifade ederken.

WHat are you doing tonight ?

We are going to theatre tonight

3) danisigimiz zaman yox , umumiyyetle davam etmekde olan hereketleri bildirerken

Meselem bir dostunuz sizden hanisa kitabi isteyir siz ise ona vere bilmyeceyinizi cunki onu oxudugunuzu bildirirsiniz.Tebiiki dostunuz sual vreerken yox sadece hele de davam etdiyinizi bildirirsiniz oxumaga .

Will you give me the book ? I want to read it

I am sorry.I am reading it.

Ve ya dostunuz indi ne isle mesgul odlugnuzu sorusur,Sizse cavabinda ingilis idli oyrenirem bu aralar deye bilersiz.O an ingilis dili oyrenmesez bele.

What are you doing these days ?

I am learning english

4)Bizden asili olmadan bas veren proseslerde

The population of world is rising

Our life is changing

5)planlasdirilmis hereketler zamani istifade ede bielrik

Let us go to the country

-I can’t , I am playing tennis tomorrow

6)qisa muddetlik ehate eden vaxt erzinde icra olunacaq hereketi bildirerken

Ali is not working this week.He is on holiday.

***Bezi feller continous ola bilmez ( Cunki hereket ifade etmirler )

Like,know,love,hate,forget,remember,understand,believe,want,consist,prefer,belong,depend,need,

Mechul formasi : (am/is/are + being + P2):

Right now , Tom is writting the letter

Right now , the letter is being written by Tom

PRESENT PERFECT

Emele gelme formasi:

Have / has  + P2

I have written - Men yazmisam

She has written  - O yazib

Sual formasi:

have/has evvele kecir

Have I wirtten ?

Has she wrtten ?

Inkar formasi:

Have / has + not

He hasn;t decided what to do yet- O hele qerara gelmeyib ki ne etsin

Isledilmesi :

Kecmisden indiye kimi muddet araliginda  bas vermis ama vaxtinin onemli olmadan son zamanlarda  ve ya indiye kimi ,ve ya ilk defe ve ya hec vaxt bas veren ve ya vermeyen hereketleri yeni informasiya meqsedi ile bidlirerken istifade edilir.

1)Ne vaxt bas vermesi onemli olmasa bele esas neticeni gostermek istediyiniz hereketleri ifade ederken

Meselem yeni qelemimizi itirmisik ne vaxt deqiq bilmireik ama bunu bildirmek istyrik

I have lost my new pen - yeni qelemimi itirmisem

Have you done your homework ?

Burada danisan ev tapsirigini ne zaman etdiyinizi deyil bitirib bitirmediyiniz ile maraqlanir

2)Recently,lately,in the last few days,for a long time, so far kimi sozlerle bir cumlede islenerken

Have you heard of John recently ? - Son zamanlarda Condan bir xeber esitmisenmi ?

*** cunki en son ne vaxt esitdiyi vaxt yox esas meqsed Condan teze xber olub olmamasin oyrenmekdir

We haven’t have any problems so far

I have met a lot of interesting people in the last few days

3)Kecmisden indiye kimi bir nece defe tekrarlanms hadiseleri bidlirerken

I have read this book three times

He has traveled a lot

We have been to england twice

4) Birinci defedirki ,,, Ikinci defedirki ve.s tipli cumelelrde

It is the first time I have driven a car - Birinci defe ikdiki masin sururdum

It is the third time he has phoned her this evening  - Bu axsam 3-cu defdirki ona zeng edir

*** tercume ederken sururdum , edirdi yox indiki zmaanda tercume edin

5) Already , just , yet, never , ever , since sozleri ile

He has already gone - o artiq cixib

He has just come - o ele indice geldi

I have just had lunch - indice nahar elemisem

They have not come yet- Onlar hele gelmeyib

Have you ever been in london- hec londonda olmusan ?

I have never seen this man - Men bu adami hec vaxt gormemisem

I have not seen him since yesterday- men onu dunnenden gormemisem

*** siraya fikir verin  has + already +gone bu sira deyismemelidi istifade edilerken

**** “last year” ve “in the last year” ferqli menalari var.

Last year ile past simpe islenir cunki vaxt deqiq vaxt tipi kimidir. In the last year ile ise present perfect.Cunki kecen il 365 gun evvelden indiye kimi olan deqiq olmayan vaxt menasi verir cumlede.

I went to mexico last year

I have been to mexico in the last year

6)Kecmisde bas verib indi de davam eden hereketi bidlirerken

*** ancaq adeten bu hal ucun present perfect contionous islenir .Lakin eger sirf informasiya meqsedi iledise present perfect de istifade edile biler.

***Yeni biz asagidaki her iki cumleni islede bilerik

 I have been living here for 5 years

 I have lived here for 5 years

Eslinde duzgun variant 1-ci varianti ancaq siz present perfectde de istfde ede bilersiz

I have had a cold for two weeks

*** 2 heftedi soyuq deyib indi de xesteyem

She has been in england for six month

*** 6 aydir ingilsterededi ve hele de ordadi

Mary has loved chocolote since she was a little girl

*** usaqlidan indiye kimi hele de skoladi sevir

Mechul formasi : (have/has + been+ P2):

We have already serve lunch

Lunch has been already served  ( not has been served already)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

Emele gelme formasi:

have/has + been + P1(+ing)

I have been writing

She has been wiriting

Sual formasi:

Have has yene de one kecir

Have I been wiriting ?

Has she been writing ?

Inkar formasi:

have /has+not +been + P1

We haven’t been writing

She hasn’t been writing

Isledilmesi :

1. Kecmisde konkret vaxtda bas verib ama indi de davam eden hereket

I’m very tired.I have been working very hard.

2)herkeetin baslanficii an   since , since then ,for two hours , all day m recently ve.s

She has been playong tennis for 6 years - 6 ildirki tennis oyanir

*** Cox gumanki preent perfect ile arasinda ferqi hiss etmediz tam.Birinde hereket bitmisdi ancaq birinde yox .Tebiiki continous dediyimize gore past perfect continousda hereket hele de davam edir

I have been reading this book for a month- aylardir bu kitabi oxyuram ( bitirmemisem)

I have read this book - Bu kitabi oxumusam ( bitirmisem)

Yeni biri muddete biri neticeye odaklidir.

PAST SIMPLE

Emele gelme formasi:

2 cur fellere (regular , irregular) esasen ferqli cur olur

Regular verblerde - sonune ed elave etmekle

Digerleri ise xususi qaydada sozun koku deyismekle ve.s

Travel -traveled

Speak-spoke-spoken

Sual formasi:

Do-nun kecmis zaman formasi did esas mena dasiyan felden evvele gelir

Did you write ?

Did they wirte ?

Inkar formasi:

Did-den sonra not elave edilir qisaca didn’t

I did not (didn’t) write

*** cavab olaraq yes I did ve.s qisaca verile biler

   Inkar cavabi verereken  No , I didn’t

Isledilmesi :

Kecmisde olmus ve kecmisde btmis , bitmis vaxtda bas vermis hereketi gostererken

1)Kecmisde bas veren hereketi ifade ederken

He wrote the letter and went away

2)yesterday, last week, last month, last year ,... ago , in 1992 ve.s kimi kecmis zaman zerfleri ile

3)Kecmisde bas vermis ardilcil herektleri ifade ederken

The teacher entered the room , greeted us and sat at the table

4)Kecmisde edilen adeti herektelri bildirerken

He made an entry in his diary every night

**** kecmisde olan verdisi herektleri iafde ederken  “used to” da cox istfde edilir

I used to play football a lot but i dont;t play often now

*** used to -nun sual cmelsini qurarken  “did… use” istfde eilir

Did you use to eat a lot of chocolate when you were a child ?

*** inkarinda ise didn’t use istfde edilir

** kecmisde bas veren tekrari herektleri  “would + mesder”-le de ifade etmek olar

In summer we would get up early .

5)Kecmisde baslayib mueyyen muddet davam edib biten hereketlerde

( for two years,for five minytes ,all day ,all year ve.s)

I lived in Brasil for two years

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

Mechul formasi : (was/were + ps):

He bought a car.

A car was bought by him.

PAST CONTINIOUS

Emele gelme formasi:

was/were + ..ing

I was reading

You were reading

Sual formasi:

Was /were evvele gelir felden

Was I reading ?

Were you reading?

Inkar formasi:

was/were + not = wasn’t weren’t

Isledilmesi :

1)Kecmisde bize mueyyen olan vaxt araliginda davam etmekde olan herektelri ifade ederken

They were playing tennis from 11 till 2 oclock yesterday

2)All morning , all night , all long day , the whole day , all day yesterday kimi sozlerle

All morning he was working in the garden

They were watching tv all evining

3)Bezen past simple ile bir cumlede islenir . Her hansi kemisde bas vermis hereketin  hansi hereket bas vererken yasandigini izah etnek ucun ( when ve ya while istfdesi ile)

When the doctor arrived the child was sleeping

I was walking in the park when somebody touched me on my shoulders

She cut her hand while she was making dinner

4)kecmisde eyni anda bas vermis iki hereketi iafde ederken her ikisi past continous olur

I was studying while he was making dinner

Were you listening while he was talking?

Mechul formasi : (was/were + being + ps):

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store

The cutomer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store

PAST PERFECT

Emele gelme formasi:

Had + fel

I had read -oxumusdum

You had read- oxumusdun

Sual formasi:

Had evvele gelir

Had i read ?

Inkar formasi:

Had not = hadn’t

I hadn’t read

Isledilmesi :

Kecmisde mueyyen vaxta qeder artiq bitmis hereketleri bidlirekrken

1)by sozonu ile ( by 2 oclock , by the end of … )

I had written my exercise by 5 oclock- men saat 5-e kimi tapsiriqlarimi yazib qutarmisdim

By the end of june we had passed all our exams - iyunun axirna kimi biz butun imtaanzlirimiz verib qutarmisdiq

2)Adeten PAST SIMPLE ilebir yerde islenir. Daha evvel bas verdiyini bildirerken bir hreketin digerinden

When we arrived at the cineame the film had already begun

After they had written the exercises they went to the cinema

The train had already gone when we come to the station

*** kecmisde qisa cox az vaxt ferqleri ile ard arda bas veren hereketlerde ise past simple istfde edildyini unutmayin !!!

 I got up ,washed , dressed , took my books and went to the institute

3) after , before , when ile

He returned home before I had written my exercises

After he  had read my article , He told me his opioion

When they had gone, I contonioud my work

Mechul formasi : (had + been+ ps):

I had worn blue shoes

Blue shoes had been worn by me